Córdoba

Córdoba, Spain, scores 53 on the TRAIL Index of tourism resilience, #222 of 310 destinations. 28 of 31 measures come from public sources, with 88% confidence. Every grade below states its value, period and source.

Scores by each organisation's criteria

• TRAIL Index: 53
• OECD: 54
• UN Tourism: 50
• UNDRR: 58

Strongest

• Domestic share of nights: 55.6 % of nights by residents of the same country (INE, Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera, puntos turísticos (monthly, tables 2078 and 2076), 2025). At or above 45: grade 4/4.
• Rail share of intercity access: 100 % of intercity passengers travelling by long-distance rail (rail vs rail + airport) (Ministerio de Transportes, Observatorio del Ferrocarril en España 2024 (rail, by city) and Eurostat avia_paoa (airport), 2024). At or above 50: grade 4/4.
• Rail traffic recovery: 142 % of 2019 long-distance rail passengers, latest year (Ministerio de Transportes, Observatorio del Ferrocarril en España 2024, passengers by city 2019 and 2024, 2024). At or above 120: grade 4/4.

Weakest

• Tourism crisis and recovery plan: No tourism crisis or recovery plan found (Ayuntamiento de Córdoba / Instituto Municipal de Turismo de Córdoba (IMTUR), 2026). Grade 0/4.
• Extreme heat days: 73.6 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Above 60: grade 0/4.
• Unemployment rate: 19.6 % of the labour force (Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía (IECA), SIMA municipal sheet: Tasa municipal de desempleo, 2025). Above 18: grade 0/4.

Spain in the World Economic Forum Travel & Tourism Development Index

Spain is #3 of 110 countries (5.22 of 7) in the WEF Travel & Tourism Development Index 2026, which scores countries, not cities. Cities in countries with that WEF score average 70 on the TRAIL Index; Córdoba is 17 below that.

Every measure, by theme

Demand and seasonality: 58

• Nights in the three busiest months: 30.4 % of annual nights (Instituto Municipal de Turismo de Córdoba (IMTUR) / INE, Informe 2023 del Observatorio Turístico de Córdoba, 2023). Between 30 and 35: grade 3/4. Source
• Domestic share of nights: 55.6 % of nights by residents of the same country (INE, Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera, puntos turísticos (monthly, tables 2078 and 2076), 2025). At or above 45: grade 4/4. Source
• Largest foreign market: 22.4 % of international arrivals or nights (INE, foreign tourists by municipality and country of residence (mobile-phone positioning, table 52048), 2025). Between 20 and 30: grade 2/4. Source
• Recovery against 2019: 104.1 % of 2019 visitor nights reached in the latest full year (INE, Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera, puntos turísticos (monthly, tables 2078 and 2076), 2025 vs 2019). Between 100 and 110: grade 3/4. Source
• Average length of stay: 1.8 nights per visitor (Observatorio Turístico de la Ciudad de Córdoba (IMTUR) / INE, Q4 2024). Below 1.8: grade 0/4. Source
• Hotel bed or room occupancy: 62 % average annual occupancy (Observatorio Turístico de la Ciudad de Córdoba (IMTUR) / INE, Q4 2024). Between 55 and 65: grade 2/4. Source

Economy and jobs: 58

• Jobs in tourism industries: 7.1 % of employment in accommodation and food services (country figure) (World Economic Forum, TTDI 2026 (data: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact Research by World Travel & Tourism Council; Travel & Tourism by World Travel & Tourism Council), 2026). At or below 8: grade 4/4. Source
• Unemployment rate: 19.6 % of the labour force (Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía (IECA), SIMA municipal sheet: Tasa municipal de desempleo, 2025). Above 18: grade 0/4. Source
• Income per head: 59,868 GDP per capita, USD PPP (country figure) (World Bank WDI, 2025). Between 45,000 and 60,000: grade 3/4. Source
• Economic diversity: not measured yet

Climate and hazards: 45

• Extreme heat days: 73.6 days a year at or above 35°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Above 60: grade 0/4. Source
• Tropical nights: 70.2 nights a year with a minimum at or above 20°C (last 5 full years) (ERA5 reanalysis via Open-Meteo, 2021–2025). Between 60 and 100: grade 1/4. Source
• Flood hazard: very low (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 4/4. Source
• Wildfire and storm hazard: high (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 1/4. Source
• Country disaster risk: 2.5 INFORM Risk index, 0–10 (country figure) (INFORM Risk (European Commission JRC), INFORM Risk Mid 2026, 2026). Between 2 and 3.5: grade 3/4. Source
• Greenhouse gas emissions per resident: not measured yet

Water and environment: 33

• Water scarcity: medium (region figure) (World Bank GFDRR ThinkHazard, current (retrieved 2026)). Grade 2/4. Source
• Wastewater safely treated: not measured yet
• Municipal waste per resident: 657.2 kg per resident per year (SADECO (Saneamientos de Córdoba, S.A.) - Memoria de Sostenibilidad 2024 & INE, 2024). Between 550 and 700: grade 1/4. Source
• Green space: 18 % of the urban area that is green or tree-covered (Ayuntamiento de Córdoba, Plan Director de Arbolado (conclusiones presentadas por la Delegación de Infraestructuras y Medio Ambiente), 2025). Between 10 and 20: grade 1/4. Source
• Energy use per resident: not measured yet

Community and housing: 58

• Tourism intensity: 5.2 visitor nights per resident per year (INE, Encuesta de Ocupación Hotelera, puntos turísticos (monthly, tables 2078 and 2076), 2025). Between 5 and 10: grade 3/4. Source
• Cruise pressure: not measured yet
• Rent growth: 7.2 % change in rents over the last 12 months (Idealista, May 2025–May 2026). Between 6 and 10: grade 2/4. Source
• Short-let density: 1.6 short-term rental listings per 100 dwellings (INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística) via El Día de Córdoba, May 2025). Between 1 and 2: grade 2/4. Source
• Resident support for tourism: not measured yet

Access and continuity: 66

• Access redundancy: 2 independent ways in: international airport, intercity rail, port, motorway (Turismo de Córdoba / Aena, 2025–2026). Between 2 and 3: grade 2/4. Source
• Air traffic recovery: not measured yet
• Rail share of intercity access: 100 % of intercity passengers travelling by long-distance rail (rail vs rail + airport) (Ministerio de Transportes, Observatorio del Ferrocarril en España 2024 (rail, by city) and Eurostat avia_paoa (airport), 2024). At or above 50: grade 4/4. Source
• Rail traffic recovery: 142 % of 2019 long-distance rail passengers, latest year (Ministerio de Transportes, Observatorio del Ferrocarril en España 2024, passengers by city 2019 and 2024, 2024). At or above 120: grade 4/4. Source
• Largest airline group share: not measured yet
• Air route concentration: not measured yet
• Early warning and emergency plan: An updated city plan with public early warning for heat, flood or fire (Ayuntamiento de Córdoba - Departamento de Protección Civil, 2023–2024). Grade 3/4. Source
• Tourism crisis and recovery plan: No tourism crisis or recovery plan found (Ayuntamiento de Córdoba / Instituto Municipal de Turismo de Córdoba (IMTUR), 2026). Grade 0/4. Source
• Government effectiveness: 83 World Bank WGI percentile rank, 0–100 (country figure) (World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators, 2025). At or above 80: grade 4/4. Source
• Travel advisory: 2 stricter of the US and Canadian government advisory for the country, 1 (normal precautions) to 4 (do not travel) (country figure) (US State Department and Government of Canada travel advisories, 2026-09-29). Between 1 and 2: grade 3/4. Source
• Dedicated tourism funding: A promotion budget that depends each year on the general budget (El Día de Córdoba / Instituto Municipal de Turismo de Córdoba (IMTUR), 2025–2026). Grade 1/4. Source

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